Alternator

An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC). For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature. The rotor coil is externally excited by a small direct current (DC), while the AC is generated in the stationary coils.

Occasionally, a linear alternator or a rotating armature with a stationary magnetic field is used.
Although any AC electrical generator might be called an alternator, usually the term refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines.
The term usually applies those types with externally excited rotor coils.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain